2023 Big Machine Music City Grand Prix

2023 Big Machine Music City Grand Prix logo`

Streets of Nashville
Aug. 6, 2023

Use the tabs or menu above to view session results, schedule, entrant facts, weather forecast, track facts and history.

Race Top Five

RankDriverCar No.Laps LedPoints
1Kyle Kirkwood273453
2Scott McLaughlin32542
3Alex Palou101236
4Josef Newgarden2-32
5Scott Dixon9-30

View the Results tab for full results.

Passing Analysis

Miles Completed4269.30
Passes203
Passing Index*4.75
Position Passes179
Position Passing Index*4.19
* Passing Index (PI) is number of passes per 100 miles completed. Position Passing Index (PPI) is number of position passes per 100 miles completed. For historical passing analysis, visit the History tab.

Post-Race Analysis

Box ScoreView PDF
Event SummaryView PDF
Lap ChartView PDF
Leader Lap SummaryView PDF
Pit Stop SummaryView PDF
Top Section TimesView PDF
Section ResultsView PDF

Sessions

Results

Race

RankDriverCar No.StartLapsTotal TimeLaps LedStatusPointsAvg. SpeedPit Stops
1Kyle Kirkwood2788001:58:02.302834Running5385.3963
2Scott McLaughlin318001:58:03.066125Running4285.3873
3Alex Palou1048001:58:04.024912Running3685.3753
4Josef Newgarden298001:58:05.4444-Running3285.3583
5Scott Dixon9128001:58:06.4683-Running3085.3463
6Romain Grosjean2868001:58:08.25464Running2985.3243
7Marcus Ericsson8208001:58:08.71764Running2785.3194
8Pato O'Ward528001:58:08.9994-Running2485.3153
9Christian Lundgaard45138001:58:10.3196-Running2285.2994
10Will Power1278001:58:11.34841Running2185.2873
11Helio Castroneves06178001:58:12.1746-Running1985.2774
12Callum Ilott77188001:58:12.9887-Running1885.2674
13Marcus Armstrong11168001:58:13.7084-Running1785.2594
14Rinus VeeKay21198001:58:14.1200-Running1685.2546
15Graham Rahal15158001:58:16.5299-Running1585.2254
16Ryan Hunter-Reay20278001:58:16.9902-Running1485.2195
17Sting Ray Robb51248001:58:17.4186-Running1385.2145
18Santino Ferrucci14218001:58:18.8281-Running1285.1975
19Alexander Rossi7107801:58:29.6607-Running1182.9415
20Agustin Canapino78237701:54:09.1263-Off Course1084.9926
21Colton Herta2637601:52:20.5640-Mechanical985.2394
22Felix Rosenqvist6147301:41:45.4885-Contact890.3914
23Benjamin Pedersen55257301:42:08.7159-Contact790.0485
24Jack Harvey30227101:39:18.1976-Contact690.0883
25Linus Lundqvist60116901:34:25.3021-Contact592.0763
26Devlin DeFrancesco29266501:30:25.1447-Contact590.5783
27David Malukas1851100:16:07.4010-Mechanical585.9621
— Race: Results (PDF) | Back to the session list

Race Notes
  • The 2023 Big Machine Music City Grand Prix was 80 laps on the 2.1-mile temporary street circuit around Nissan Stadium totaling 168 miles. The race would have become a two-hour timed race if there were wet conditions.
  • The pit road speed limit was 40 mph and the pit window was approximately 25–32 laps under green-flag conditions. Pole sitter Scott McLaughlin gridded drivers' left and the green flag to start the race was shown the fourth time by the start line on the backstretch.
  • At 11:20 a.m. CDT, 10 minutes before the scheduled green-flag time, the ambient temperature was 86 degrees with 69% relative humidity and partly cloudy skies. The track temperature was 110 degrees according to Firestone engineers.
  • At 11:23 a.m., Scott Borchetta gave the command, "Drivers, start your engines." All 27 cars started, however Will Power did not have his radio earplugs and the team had to retrieve a backup set. Power was able to join the field in his original position.
  • On Lap 1, the race lap count and clock began at the finish line. However, the initial start was waved off due to the field being too spread out. The first lap was run under caution.
  • On Lap 2, McLaughlin led the field past the start line into Turn 9 and continued to lead until his first pit stop on Lap 25.
  • On Lap 13, the race's second full-course yellow flag came out when the No. 18 Dale Coyne Racing with HMD Honda of David Malukas stopped off course in Turn 9 with rear wing damage. The race resumed with a restart on Lap 15.
  • Due to an early pit stop on Lap 14, Alex Palou inherited the race lead on Lap 33 and held it until his second pit stop on Lap 45. At that time, the No. 27 Andretti Autosport Honda of Kyle Kirkwood assumed the race lead.
  • Kirkwood pitted from the lead on Lap 51. After green-flag stops were completed, Kirkwood reassumed the lead on Lap 54.
  • Kirkwood's lead over the No. 3 Team Penske Chevrolet of Scott McLaughlin ranged from 2.3666 seconds on Lap 55 to 3.4703 seconds on Lap 70.
  • On Lap 71, the race's third full-course yellow flag flew for the No. 60 Meyer Shank Racing Honda of Linus Lundqvist which made contact with the barrier in Turn 11. Leaders at the start of the caution were Kirkwood, McLaughlin, Palou, Josef Newgarden and Scott Dixon. After the caution came out, the No. 30 Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing Honda of Jack Harvey made contact in Turn 8 and continued on track with a damaged front wing.
  • Pits opened on Lap 73 but no cars elected to stop.
  • The race restarted on Lap 74 with Kirkwood leading the field through the restart zone in Turn 10. Behind, a multi-car incident in Turn 11 brought out the race's fourth full-course yellow flag. Involved in the incident were Felix Rosenqvist, Agustin Canapino and Benjamin Pedersen.
  • Due to the need for track cleanup, INDYCAR issued a red flag. The red condition lasted for 11 minutes.
  • The race restarted on Lap 77 with Kirkwood leading the field.
  • Kirkwood went on to take the white flag with an advantage of 0.9833 seconds over McLaughlin.
  • Kirkwood crossed the finish line 0.7633 seconds ahead of McLaughlin to claim his second win of 2023 and the second victory of his NTT IndyCar Series career.
  • Unofficial points after the 2023 Big Machine Music City Grand Prix:
    1. Palou 513
    2. Newgarden 429 (-84)
    3. Dixon 387 (-126)
    4. McLaughlin 371 (-142)
    5. Ericsson 357 (-156)
    6. O'Ward 353 (-160)
    7. Power 337 (-176)
    8. Lundgaard 297 (-216)

Qualifying

Firestone Fast Six
RankDriverCar No.Best TimeBest SpeedBest LapTotal LapsDifferenceGap
1Scott McLaughlin301:14.6099101.32734--.------.----
2Pato O'Ward501:14.9395100.881440.32960.3296
3Colton Herta2601:15.2416100.476230.63170.3021
4Alex Palou1001:15.2462100.470340.63630.0046
5David Malukas1801:15.870399.644231.26040.6241
6Romain Grosjean2801:15.992199.484241.38220.1218
— Firestone Fast Six: Results (PDF) | Overall Results (PDF) | Back to session list

Qualifying Notes
  • Qualifying for the NTT P1 Award consists of three segments. In the first round, each group receives 10 minutes of track time with the clock starting when the first car hits the alternate start-finish line. The fastest six cars from each group advance to Round 2 while the remaining cars are assigned positions 13 to 27. Group 1 drivers will occupy the odd-numbered positions while Group 2 drivers will occupy the even-numbered positions based on their fastest lap times. During Round 2, the 12 advancing cars receive 10 minutes of track time with the fastest six cars advancing to the Firestone Fast Six while the remaining cars are ranked in positions seven through 12 based on their fastest laps. During the Firestone Fast Six, the six cars receive six minutes of guaranteed green-flag time. At the end of session, cars are ranked one through six based on their fastest laps.
  • Due to inclement weather around Nissan Stadium in Nashville, qualifying was pushed back from 1:45 p.m. CDT to 5:15 p.m. In addition to the qualifying change, final practice was also canceled.
  • The start of Group 1 qualifying was delayed by nine minutes due to track preparations following the previous session. During Group 1, Benjamin Pedersen caused a red flag when his No. 55 AJ Foyt Racing Chevrolet stopped in the Turn 11 runoff and required assistance. Pedersen's two fastest laps were deleted and he was unable to advance to Round 2.
  • While multiple incidents during Group 2 qualifying were under review by the race stewards, only Jack Harvey was penalized for causing a local yellow that affected another competitor. Harvey was stripped of his best lap to the point of the infraction.
  • Round 2 featured three penalties and one red flag:
    • Will Power's first lap was invalidated for shortcutting the course.
    • David Malukas caused a local yellow that affected another competitor and was stripped of his fastest lap up to the point of the infraction.
    • Scott Dixon lost his two fastest laps and the ability to advance when he brought out a red flag with less than a minute left on the clock. Dixon made contact with the barrier in Turn 11. He was later seen and released from the IU Health INDYCAR Medical Unit.
  • Pato O'Ward, Colton Herta, Alex Palou, Scott McLaughlin, Romain Grosjean and David Malukas were the six fastest Round 2 drivers and advanced to the Firestone Fast Six.
  • At the conclusion of Round 3, McLaughlin's 1:14.6099 earned him the NTT P1 Award in Nashville, his fourth career NTT IndyCar Series pole. O'Ward will start on the front row alongside McLaughlin with the second-fastest Firestone Fast Six lap, a 1:14.9395.

Round 2
RankDriverCar No.Best TimeBest SpeedBest LapTotal LapsDifferenceGap
1Pato O'Ward501:14.5944101.34866--.------.----
2Colton Herta2601:14.7128101.187680.11840.1184
3Alex Palou1001:14.7218101.175660.12740.0090
4Scott McLaughlin301:14.7484101.139680.15400.0266
5Romain Grosjean2801:14.7695101.111680.17510.0211
6David Malukas1801:15.0519100.730550.45750.2824
7Will Power1201:15.1384100.614680.54400.0865
8Kyle Kirkwood2701:15.1641100.580770.56970.0257
9Josef Newgarden201:15.4862100.151680.89180.3221
10Alexander Rossi701:15.5711100.038680.97670.0849
11Linus Lundqvist6001:16.071599.380371.47710.5004
12Scott Dixon901:16.769298.477262.17480.6977
— Round 2: Results (PDF) | Back to session list

Round 1 Group 2
RankDriverCar No.Best TimeBest SpeedBest LapTotal LapsDifferenceGap
1Colton Herta2601:15.0030100.79677--.------.----
2Kyle Kirkwood2701:15.0561100.725770.05310.0531
3Alex Palou1001:15.0849100.686670.08190.0288
4Pato O'Ward501:15.1251100.632670.12210.0402
5Romain Grosjean2801:15.1570100.589770.15400.0319
6Will Power1201:15.4599100.186670.45690.3029
7Felix Rosenqvist601:15.4638100.180670.46080.0039
8Marcus Armstrong1101:15.5631100.049770.56010.0993
9Callum Ilott7701:16.017099.451671.01400.4539
10Marcus Ericsson801:16.042099.419771.03900.0250
11Jack Harvey3001:16.119399.318661.11630.0773
12Sting Ray Robb5101:16.390798.965671.38770.2714
13Devlin DeFrancesco2901:16.436998.905771.43390.0462
14Ryan Hunter-Reay2001:17.241797.875572.23870.8048
— Round 1 Group 2: Results (PDF) | Back to session list

Round 1 Group 1
RankDriverCar No.Best TimeBest SpeedBest LapTotal LapsDifferenceGap
1Scott McLaughlin301:15.1629100.58277--.------.----
2Scott Dixon901:15.709499.856670.54650.5465
3David Malukas1801:15.794399.744660.63140.0849
4Alexander Rossi701:15.830399.696670.66740.0360
5Josef Newgarden201:15.934799.559780.77180.1044
6Linus Lundqvist6001:16.089299.357780.92630.1545
7Christian Lundgaard4501:16.098599.345560.93560.0093
8Graham Rahal1501:16.182599.235771.01960.0840
9Helio Castroneves0601:16.220399.186661.05740.0378
10Rinus VeeKay2101:16.335699.036571.17270.1153
11Santino Ferrucci1401:16.641698.641671.47870.3060
12Agustin Canapino7801:16.690098.579771.52710.0484
13Benjamin Pedersen55No Time0.000010.00000.0000
— Round 1 Group 1: Results (PDF) | Back to session list

Practice 2

RankDriverCar No.Best TimeOn LapBest SpeedTotal LapsDifferenceGap
1Marcus Ericsson801:31.7999582.3535--.------.----
2Rinus VeeKay2101:32.6910681.561100.89110.8911
3Will Power1201:32.8167581.45171.01680.1257
4Scott McLaughlin301:33.1106381.19491.31070.2939
5Marcus Armstrong1101:33.1767581.13651.37680.0661
6Scott Dixon901:33.5544380.80971.75450.3777
7Ryan Hunter-Reay2001:34.2922480.17682.49230.7378
8Josef Newgarden201:34.4294380.06052.62950.1372
9Alex Palou1001:35.0152279.56673.21530.5858
10Agustin Canapino7801:35.0874579.50663.28750.0722
11Pato O'Ward501:35.3096279.32083.50970.2222
12Benjamin Pedersen5501:35.9493478.79284.14940.6397
13Devlin DeFrancesco2901:35.9757278.77034.17580.0264
14Graham Rahal1501:36.9710277.96165.17110.9953
15Kyle Kirkwood2701:38.0272177.12136.22731.0562
16Santino Ferrucci1401:38.0661277.09156.26620.0389
17Sting Ray Robb5101:38.0767477.08386.27680.0106
18Helio Castroneves0601:38.6700276.61936.87010.5933
19Jack Harvey3001:38.7091276.58926.90920.0391
20David Malukas1801:38.7280376.57476.92810.0189
21Felix Rosenqvist601:38.9884176.37337.18850.2604
22Linus Lundqvist6001:39.1846276.22257.38470.1962
23Callum Ilott7701:40.3083175.36858.50841.1237
24Christian Lundgaard4501:42.8457273.508311.04582.5374
25Colton Herta2601:44.0634172.648412.26351.2177
— Practice 2: Results (PDF) | Back to the session list

Session Notes
  • Rain delayed the start of Practice 2 by 50 minutes and reduced the session's duration from 45 minutes to 30 minutes.
  • At 11:30 a.m. CDT, the green flag was displayed. Cars were allowed to use rain tires.
  • Practice 2 was free of red flags until 11:57 a.m., when the No. 60 Meyer Shank Racing Honda of Linus Lundqvist stopped off course in the Turn 4 runoff. Lundqvist was assessed a five-minute time penalty for causing a red flag.
  • The session concluded at noon with Marcus Ericsson fastest. He turned a lap time of 1:31.7999 in the No. 8 Chip Ganassi Racing Honda.

Practice 1

RankDriverCar No.Best TimeOn LapBest SpeedTotal LapsDifferenceGap
1Will Power1201:16.40421798.94720--.------.----
2Alex Palou1001:16.64941598.631200.24520.2452
3Alexander Rossi701:16.71921698.541180.31500.0698
4Pato O'Ward501:16.77781598.466160.37360.0586
5Christian Lundgaard4501:16.92622498.276270.52200.1484
6Colton Herta2601:16.9698798.220160.56560.0436
7David Malukas1801:17.15361497.986170.74940.1838
8Romain Grosjean2801:17.17932097.954230.77510.0257
9Scott McLaughlin301:17.2800697.826170.87580.1007
10Scott Dixon901:17.2876697.816150.88340.0076
11Linus Lundqvist6001:17.35242697.735300.94820.0648
12Marcus Armstrong1101:17.40241997.671240.99820.0500
13Josef Newgarden201:17.4154897.655181.01120.0130
14Kyle Kirkwood2701:17.50961997.536211.10540.0942
15Graham Rahal1501:17.8201997.147181.41590.3105
16Helio Castroneves0601:17.88722297.063251.48300.0671
17Callum Ilott7701:17.93991896.998191.53570.0527
18Felix Rosenqvist601:17.9457796.991171.54150.0058
19Rinus VeeKay2101:17.99322496.932261.58900.0475
20Ryan Hunter-Reay2001:18.12911896.763211.72490.1359
21Jack Harvey3001:18.15971996.725231.75550.0306
22Devlin DeFrancesco2901:18.18691096.691191.78270.0272
23Benjamin Pedersen5501:18.23031796.638281.82610.0434
24Agustin Canapino7801:18.30361996.547241.89940.0733
25Marcus Ericsson801:18.7294696.025172.32520.4258
26Sting Ray Robb5101:18.93031895.781242.52610.2009
27Santino Ferrucci1401:19.45451895.149243.05030.5242
— Practice 1: Results (PDF) | Back to the session list

Session Notes
  • Practice 1 for the 2023 Big Machine Music City Grand Prix started three minutes late at 3:03 p.m. CDT. The session was 75 minutes in duration.
  • Practice was green until 4:12 p.m., when the No. 77 Juncos Hollinger Racing Chevrolet of Callum Ilott went off course in Turn 11. Ilott was penalized five minutes of practice time for causing a red flag.
  • Three minutes after the 4:14 p.m. green flag, the No. 55 AJ Foyt Racing Chevrolet of Benjamin Pedersen went off course at the same turn as Ilott. Pedersen was penalized five minutes of practice time for causing a red flag.
  • The session did not resume after the second red flag.
  • Will Power had the fastest lap, a 1:16.4042 in the No. 12 Team Penske Chevrolet.

Green Flag11:30 a.m. CDT *
Drivers Start Your Engines11:23 a.m.
Race BroadcastNoon EDT on NBC
Qualifying5:15 1:45 p.m. Saturday
Practice Sessions3–4:15 p.m. Friday
11:30 a.m. to noon Saturday 10:40–11:40 a.m. (45-minute session)
5:25–5:55 p.m. Saturday (final practice) canceled due to weather
Full Weekend ScheduleView PDF
Live Timing and ScoringINDYCAR Race Control and INDYCAR Mobile app (iOS, Android).
Radio BroadcastINDYCAR Radio Network, SiriusXM INDYCAR Nation 160, IndyCar.com and on the INDYCAR Mobile app (iOS, Android).
Video StreamingAll NTT IndyCar Series practice sessions, qualifying and races stream live on Peacock, NBC’s direct-to-consumer livestreaming product.
* All times are in Central Daylight Time unless otherwise noted. View the green-flag time in all time zones.

Starting LineupView Table
Qualifications GroupsView Table
Entry ListView Table
Spotter GuideView Web | View PDF
Pit AssignmentsView PDF
Push-to-Pass Parameters150 seconds of total time with a maximum
time of 15 seconds per activation.
Tires Available per EntrySix sets primary, four sets alternate to be used during the event weekend. One additional set of primary tires may be used by teams fielding a rookie driver. Teams must use one set of primary and one set of new (sticker) alternate tires for at least two laps in the race.

Starting Lineup

SPCar No.DriverEngineTire
13Scott McLaughlinChevroletAlternate
25Pato O'WardChevroletAlternate
326Colton HertaHondaAlternate
410Alex PalouHondaAlternate
518David MalukasHondaAlternate
628Romain GrosjeanHondaPrimary
712Will PowerChevroletPrimary
827Kyle KirkwoodHondaPrimary
92Josef NewgardenChevroletPrimary
107Alexander RossiChevroletAlternate
1160Linus Lundqvist (R)HondaAlternate
129Scott DixonHondaPrimary
1345Christian LundgaardHondaAlternate
146Felix RosenqvistChevroletAlternate
1515Graham RahalHondaAlternate
1611Marcus Armstrong (R)HondaPrimary
1706Helio CastronevesHondaAlternate
1877Callum IlottChevroletAlternate
1921Rinus VeeKayChevroletAlternate
208Marcus EricssonHondaAlternate
2114Santino FerrucciChevroletAlternate
2230Jack HarveyHondaAlternate
2378Agustin Canapino (R)ChevroletAlternate
2451Sting Ray Robb (R)HondaAlternate
2555Benjamin Pedersen (R)ChevroletAlternate
2629Devlin DeFrancescoHondaPrimary
2720Ryan Hunter-ReayChevroletAlternate
(R) Rookie
— Starting Lineup: PDF

Qualifications Groups

Group 1DriverGroup 2Driver
21Rinus VeeKay8Marcus Ericsson
3Scott McLaughlin12Will Power
9Scott Dixon11Marcus Armstrong
2Josef Newgarden20Ryan Hunter-Reay
78Agustin Canapino10Alex Palou
55Benjamin Pedersen5Pato O'Ward
15Graham Rahal29Devlin DeFrancesco
14Santino Ferrucci27Kyle Kirkwood
06Helio Castroneves51Sting Ray Robb
18David Malukas30Jack Harvey
60Linus Lundqvist6Felix Rosenqvist
45Christin Lundgaard77Callum Ilott
7Alexander Rossi26Colton Herta
28Romain Grosjean
— Qualifications Groups: PDF

Entry List

Car No.DriverHometownSponsorTeamEngine
2Josef NewgardenNashville, Tennessee, USAPPGTeam PenskeChevrolet
3Scott McLaughlinChristchurch, New ZealandDEX ImagingTeam PenskeChevrolet
5Pato O'WardMonterrey, MexicoArrow McLarenArrow McLarenChevrolet
06Helio CastronevesSao Paulo, BrazilAutoNation / SiriusXMMeyer Shank RacingHonda
6Felix RosenqvistVärnamo, SwedenArrow McLarenArrow McLarenChevrolet
7Alexander RossiNevada City, California, USAArrow McLarenArrow McLarenChevrolet
8Marcus EricssonKumla, SwedenHuski Ice SpritzChip Ganassi RacingHonda
9Scott DixonAuckland, New ZealandPNC BankChip Ganassi RacingHonda
10Alex PalouBarcelona, SpainThe American LegionChip Ganassi RacingHonda
11Marcus Armstrong (R)Christchurch, New ZealandRidgeline LubricantsChip Ganassi RacingHonda
12Will PowerToowoomba, AustraliaVerizonTeam PenskeChevrolet
14Santino FerrucciWoodbury, Connecticut, USAAJ Foyt Racing / Sexton PropertiesAJ Foyt RacingChevrolet
15Graham RahalNew Albany, Ohio, USAFifth Third BankRahal Letterman Lanigan RacingHonda
18David MalukasChicago, Illinois, USAHMD TruckingDale Coyne Racing with HMDHonda
20Ryan Hunter-ReayFort Lauderdale, Florida, USABitnile.comEd Carpenter RacingChevrolet
21Rinus VeeKayHoofddorp, NetherlandsBitnile.comEd Carpenter RacingChevrolet
26Colton HertaValencia, California, USAGainbridgeAndretti AutosportHonda
27Kyle KirkwoodJupiter, Florida, USAAutoNationAndretti AutosportHonda
28Romain GrosjeanGeneva, SwitzerlandDHLAndretti AutosportHonda
29Devlin DeFrancescoToronto, CanadaWOOOOO! ENERGYAndretti AutosportHonda
30Jack HarveyBassingham, EnglandKustom EntertainmentRahal Letterman Lanigan RacingHonda
45Christian LundgaardHedensted, DenmarkHy-VeeRahal Letterman Lanigan RacingHonda
51Sting Ray Robb (R)Palette, Idaho, USAbiohavenDale Coyne Racing with RWRHonda
55Benjamin Pedersen (R)Copenhagen, DenmarkAJ Foyt Racing / Sexton PropertiesAJ Foyt RacingChevrolet
60Linus Lundqvist (R)Stockholm, SwedenAutoNation / SiriusXMMeyer Shank RacingHonda
77Callum IlottCambridge, EnglandJuncos Hollinger RacingJuncos Hollinger RacingChevrolet
78Agustín Canapino (R)Arrecifes, ArgentinaJuncos Hollinger RacingJuncos Hollinger RacingChevrolet
(R) — Denotes Rookie of the Year candidate
— Entry List: PDF

NASHVILLE WEATHER

Track TypeStreet circuit
Length2.1 miles
Race Distance80 laps (168 miles)
Number of Turns11
DirectionCounter-clockwise
Track Map
2023 Big Machine Music City Grand Prix track map
Credit: INDYCAR
Event Twitter Account & Hashtag@MusicCityGP, #MusicCityGP

Driver Performance IndexView PDF
Last Two Wins— 2022: Scott Dixon, Chip Ganassi Racing
— 2021: Marcus Ericsson, Chip Ganassi Racing
Last Two Poles— 2022: Scott McLaughlin, Team Penske (1:14.5555)
— 2021: Colton Herta, Andretti Autosport (1:13.6835)
Qualifying Lap Record1:13.6835 (Colton Herta of Andretti Autosport on Aug. 7, 2021)

Historical Passing Analysis

YearMiles CompletedPassesPI*Position PassesPPI*
20213826.201794.681644.29
20223580.503349.332857.96
* Passing Index (PI) is number of passes per 100 miles completed. Position Passing Index (PPI) is number of position passes per 100 miles completed.